Silverberg and his co-authors decided to simulate mosh-pit dynamics.
He wisely avoided the mosh pit and, like a true physicist, found himself fascinated by the motion of the crowd, which struck him as resembling the disordered collisions of molecules in a gas. The Astroworld tragedy seems to have been centered on the crowd packed into the mosh pit rather than a more typical bottleneck scenario. There was a 2013 study on mosh-pit dynamics by a group of physics students at Cornell University, inspired when co-author Jesse Silverberg attended a heavy metal concert with his girlfriend. In the end, 21 people died, and 651 were injured. People began to suffocate around 5 pm as thousands of other revelers danced to techno music, unaware of the tragedy that was unfolding nearby. Police tried to block more people from entering the jammed parade grounds, triggering a stampede. But the passageway was too small to handle such an immense crowd, and the density soon increased to dangerous levels. The bottleneck in this case was a 200-meter-long tunnel through which attendees had to pass in order to get to one of the festival events. A similar bottleneck occurred in Germany during the 2010 Love Parade, a popular music festival. The Jamaraat Bridge scenario is an example of a bottleneck.
"This caused violent pressure waves to surge through the crowd, tossing individuals several metres, tearing off clothing and ultimately leading to the trampling of hundreds of pilgrims." "The researchers believe that turbulence may have been brought on by individuals panicking and pushing in all directions to increase their personal space," Hamish Johnston wrote in Physics World in 2007. Helbing and Johansson dubbed this phenomenon "crowd turbulence," or a "crowd quake," and they found the critical threshold seemed to be about six people per square meter (10 square feet). The crowd density continued to increase until another sudden phase transition occurred, whereby pilgrims started moving randomly in all possible directions. This spread like a wave in the same direction the pilgrims were moving. The crowd initially moved toward the bridge at a steady rate, but as the density increased, there was an abrupt phase transition to a kind of "stop-and-go" motion. They identified three distinct phases of the crowd's motion. And in April of this year in Meron, Israel, 45 people died in a crush at the Lag B'Omer religious festival, with 150 more injured.ĭirk Helbing and Anders Johansson of the Dresden University of Technology were able to analyze the video footage and developed a computer algorithm to track the position and velocity of every person in the crowd over a 45-minute period. In 2000, nine people were trampled to death at a Pearl Jam concert during Denmark's Roskilde Festival. For instance, back in 1979, 11 people were trampled to death during a Who concert in Cincinnati. But deadly crowd surges are a far too common occurrence all over the world. There is still a great deal we don't know about the conditions at Astroworld and what actually happened that night, pending the results of an official investigation. As for Houston-native Scott, he pronounced himself "just devastated" in a video posted to his Instagram account last Saturday night and said he had not realized how severe the situation had become from his vantage point onstage. The rapper seems equally reluctant to take the stage in the immediate aftermath of the tragedy: Scott has reportedly canceled a planned set at the hiphop "Day N Vegas" festival, with sources telling Vulture the rapper is "too distraught to play."
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There was no space to move, and in the end, at least eight people were killed, and another 25 were hospitalized.Ĭoncert promoter Live Nation issued a statement saying it was "heartbroken for those lost and impacted at Astroworld," and the company pledged its full cooperation with local authorities who are investigating. The enthusiastic crowd surged toward the stage and packed the mosh pit so tightly that people couldn't breathe and began to pass out.
The Astroworld music festival in Houston, Texas, kicked off last Friday, but tragedy struck when Grammy-nominated rapper Travis Scott-who launched the festival in 2018-took to the stage around 9 pm. Alex Bierens de Haan/Getty Images reader comments 160 with
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